Monday 11 July 2016

What is Paresthesia and what is the cause of it?

What is Paresthesia? 


I have occasionally experienced a tingling sensation or numbness, similar to pins and needles, in my extremities, but I never knew what was causing it. Whenever I brought it up with someone, they would look grim and worried, and whenever I ran a Google search for an answer, I was quite scared to see what I would find. Then, time went by and I forgot all about it, so I must have been fine. Still, I will never forget that fearful feeling that there was something wrong with my health. Some time later, I found the following guide to such tingling feelings to be a great educational tool. Read on to find out about this incredibly common experience.


This guide is merely meant to inform. It is not a substitute for a proper diagnosis from a medical professional. If you experience the symptoms listed in this article, the best advice is that you discuss it with your GP.





Tingling and numbness are known as ‘paresthesia’.
 It is usually felt on parts of our limbs, hands 
or feet. Often, as pins and needles, it is 
simply a benign consequence of undue pressure 
being placed on the body parts in question, 
such as leaning on one arm, or crossing your
legs for a long time. It is resolved as quickly 
as it appears when you remove the offending 
pressure, causing only mild discomfort, but no pain.


Peripheral Neuropathy - three categories 
of causation

The very same sensation can occur without 
any obvious pressure being applied. This 
paresthesia may be severe, episodic or even 
chronic (never ending). If this happens and 
is coupled with other symptoms, like pain,
 itchiness, numbness and muscle wasting,
the tingling might be an indication of nerve 
damage. Such damage is called peripheral 
neuropathy, affecting nerves that are far 
away from the brain and spinal cord, usually 
in the hands and feet.











1. Diabetes
There are a great number of people, with 
reference to the elderly in particular, 
who suffer from peripheral neuropathy. 
In America, for example, it is estimated 
that more than 20 million people have the
 condition, though there are in excess 
of 100 different types of peripheral neuropathy.
In time, the condition worsens when left 
untreated, resulting in reduced mobility and 
possibly even disability. The major cause of 
peripheral neuropathy, in around 30% of cases, 
is diabetes. Peripheral neuropathy is therefore 
considered to be the first sign of diabetes. 
Since peripheral neuropathy, the underlying 
cause of paresthesia, in 30% of cases is a sign 
of diabetes, it is very important that if you feel 
prolonged paresthesia you consult your 
doctor immediately for treatment to help 
reduce your blood sugar levels.


In another 30% of cases of peripheral 
neuropathy, where the cause is not diabetes, 
no cause can befound, and they are thus
labeled ‘idiopathic’. This may be the case 
more commonly in over60s, and progresses 
slowly. Over-the counter pain medication can 
be used for mild pain, or for severe pain, 
prescription medication, can be taken 
regularly. Therapeutic shoes can also
be acquired which reduce symptoms. 

Besides diabetic and idiopathic causes of 
peripheral neuropathy, the remaining 40% 
of cases contain a wide variety of unrelated 
causes. There are so many causes on this 
list that it frightens many people when
they first learn about the disease. However, 
the disease is very well-researched, and your 
doctor will know how to diagnose the root of 
your illness efficiently.


Neuralgia: this is a potent stabbing or burning 
pain that occurs right along the nerve that has 
become damaged. It has many possible causes, 
such as shingles, diabetes, multiple sclerosis.

Radiculopathy: this is a disease of the spinal 
nerve roots. It can produce pain, numbness and
weakness at the spine area. 

Carpal Tunnel: a syndrome of the hand’s median
 nerve, which has become compressed. It is located
 on your palm. 

Mini Stroke (transient ischemic attack): 
unlike a stroke, which kills brain cells, this ITA,
mini stroke, does not. It does however cause 
similar symptoms to a stroke, and is the result 
of blood flow to the brain stopping for a period 
of time. This is considered a medical emergency 
that may well require urgent attention.

Spinal Cord Injury: 
is a very serious type of injury, which may 
drastically alter your life condition. It too will 
require urgent medical attention.




  • Cervical Spondylosis
  • Stroke Overview (urgent)
  • Ulnar Nerve Palsy 
  • Panic Disorder
  • Hemorrhage (urgent) Intracerebral
  • Syndrome (urgent) Guillain-Barre
  • StenosisSpinal
  • Bone Fracture
  • Alcohol Abuse / Alcoholism
  • Frostbite (urgent)
  • Vitamin Deficiency
If you are very worried and would like a good 
idea of what may be causing your paresthesia,
try this web tool, which may help you do just
that. Keep in mind that this is no substitute 
for a professional diagnosis.












In order to be absolutely thorough, your doctor 
will require a complete medical history from you,
and a description of any apparently unrelated 
symptoms you may be experiencing. 
Since medication is often considered a cause 
of tingling, the doctor will ask you about 
any such medications, or vaccinations, in 
addition to learning about any infections 
or injuries you have sustained. 


As well as a physical exam, you may also expect 
further tests, such as blood tests, electrolyte 
level testing, thyroid function testing, toxicology 
screening or nerve conduction studies. Perhaps 
a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) will also be 
conducted. To conclude their diagnosis, your 
doctor may also resort to x-rays, angiograms,
 CT/MRI scans or ultrasound. 



For the following symptoms please contact 
your medical provider for advice:

-    Numbness or tingling with no obvious cause
-    A pain in the neck, forearm or fingers
-    Unusually frequent urination
-    Numbness in legs worsens when you walk
-    If you have a rash
-    If you experience dizziness, a muscle 
spasm, or something else unusual.










or the following symptoms please contact your
hospital for urgent medical attention:
-    You feel weak or unable to move, besides 
tingling and numbness
-    Your tingling or numbness is felt after 
a recent head, neck or back injury
-    You cannot control your arm or leg movement, 
or have lost bladder or bowel control
-    You feel confused and have lost consciousness 
for a time
-    Your speech is slurring or your vision is 
affected











Treatments will be related to the diagnosis made 
of the cause of your paresthesia. If the 
peripheral nerve cells have not died they 
will regenerate and you will return to normal. 
For diabetes, good blood sugar control can slow 
down and reduce the progression of diabetic 
neuropathy. Those who, for example, have a 
vitamin deficiency can have their diet 
supplemented with more balance, 
which will also correct their peripheral neuropathy. 




To avoid paresthesia, you may take steps such as: 
-    Maintaining an optimal weight
-    Avoid toxins, and follow your doctors 
exercise program
-    Enjoy a balanced diet
-    Limit your alcohol consumption
-    Stopping smoking, which can restrict
 blood supply

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